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August 1991 as the Pinnacle of Democracy



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August 1991 as the Pinnacle of Democracy // Yerevan: Library of Armenia (LIB.AM). Updated: 05.10.2025 . URL: https://lib.am/m/book/download/49/3151 (date of access: 12.11.2025 )

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Rarely, and perhaps never, have the people stood up so unitedly to defend the legitimate government as in Russia (still part of the USSR) in August 1991. The upsurge was amazing, especially here in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad), and the military did not dare enter our city in tanks. Therefore, there was no shooting or bloodshed, but on August 19 there was opposition to the tyranny of the State Emergency Committee at the Mariinsky Palace, there was the first session of the City Council in the country that condemned the actions of the State Emergency Committee. There was the first breakthrough of the information blockade in the country in the evening on city TV. On August 20, the most crowded demonstration in the history of Leningrad took place on Palace Square. On August 23, Smolny, the headquarters of the CPSU, party that had ruled for 70 years, was sealed.
The people are always greater than the government. It is enough for people to unite, and the tyranny of the government will be over! 

Редко, а, возможно, и никогда так сплочённо народ не вставал на защиту законной власти, как в России (ещё в составе СССР) в августе 1991 года. Подъём был удивительный, особенно у нас в Санкт-Петербурге (тогда ещё — Ленинграде), и военные на танках не посмели войти в наш город. Поэтому не было стрельбы и кровопролития, а было 19 августа противостояние произволу ГКЧП у Мариинского дворца, была первая в стране сессия горсовета, осудившая действия ГКЧП. Был первый в стране прорыв информационной блокады вечером на городском ТВ. 20 августа на Дворцовой площади состоялась самая многолюдная демонстрация в истории Ленинграда. 23 августа был опечатан Смольный — штаб правившей в течение 70 лет в нашей стране партии КПСС.
Народ всегда больше, чем власть. Достаточно людям объединиться, и с произволом власти будет покончено!

Opening Paragraph

In 1990-91, unique events took place in Russia and in our city of Leningrad.
In 1990, in the freest elections in the city's history, the people of Leningrad elected two-thirds of the city's deputies to the city council—the 21st Leningrad City Council—not from the government, but from workers in a wide range of fields. Their pre-deputy professions included engineer, mechanic, teacher, electrician, researcher, police officer, stoker, designer, adjuster, writer, rigger, and so on. Of the 380 deputies, more than 350 had higher education, and 106 held PhDs.
They decisively sidelined representatives of the sole ruling party, the CPSU. Those elections were as free as possible from the influence of money and administrative resources, resulting in the representation of all segments of the city's population in the 21st Leningrad City Council.
In August 1991, the city's residents themselves came to the defense of their elected government, preventing tanks from entering the city and bloodshed.
For all of this, I bow deeply to our fellow citizens. Few places in the country have achieved such results.
Unfortunately, after this, both the city and the country failed to take all the necessary steps to establish genuine popular sovereignty, with all segments of the population represented in government.
There were many reasons for this. Among them were the lack of a structured civil society, a civilized market, independent media, civilized law enforcement agencies, law-abiding officials, and so on.
Because of all this, progress began to be reversed. In subsequent elections, money and administrative resources increasingly played a significant role, something that had not been the case in the 1990 elections. This played a role in the decline in the quality of elected government, in the weakening of control over the executive branch, and later, in the 2000s, led to the success of the idea of ​​a vertical power structure and the return of a single party's monopoly on power.
It should be noted that supporters of popular sovereignty achieved their greatest successes when they were at least somewhat organized and united, when their decisions combined rationalism, morality, and foresight.
Conversely, democrats suffered defeats when they made decisions that diminished rationalism, morality, or foresight, when there was a split and a breakdown in unity within their ranks.
Of course, not all the secret dealings of that time are revealed to us. But the overwhelming majority of little-known, important facts from 1990-91 are presented in our book, so readers of our collection will be able to draw fairly objective conclusions without following the lead of crafty fabricators and pompous falsifiers of history.
And twenty years later, when much of the people's memory of these dramatic events has already been erased or dimmed, for anyone who values ​​the history of our country and our city, this book is a source of knowledge and food for thought.

В 1990-91 годах в России и нашем городе Ленинграде происходили уникальные события.

В 1990 году в Ленинграде на самых свободных за всю историю города выборах народ избрал в городской совет – Ленсовет 21 созыва - две трети депутатов не от власти, а работников самых разных сфер деятельности. Их додепутатские профессии: инженер, слесарь, преподаватель, электромонтер, научный сотрудник, милиционер, кочегар, конструктор, наладчик, писатель, такелажник и т.п., причем из 380-ти депутатов более 350-ти с высшим образованием, 106 кандидатов и докторов наук.
Они решительно отодвинули на второй план представителей единственной правящей партии - КПСС. Те выборы были максимально свободны от влияния денег и административного ресурса, что привело к представительству в Ленсовете-21 всех слоев горожан.
В августе 1991 года горожане сами пришли на защиту избранной ими власти, поэтому в город не вошли подходившие танки и не пролилась кровь.
За всё это – низкий поклон нашим землякам. Мало где по стране были достигнуты такие результаты.
К сожалению, после этого и в городе, и в стране не были сделаны все необходимые шаги для установления подлинного народовластия, при котором во власти представлены все слои населения.
Причин тому было много. Здесь и отсутствие структурированного гражданского общества, отсутствие цивилизованного рынка, независимых СМИ, цивилизованных правоохранительных органов, уважающих закон чиновников и т.п.
Из-за всего этого начался откат от достигнутых рубежей. На последующих выборах, чем дальше - тем больше, стали значительную роль играть деньги и административный ресурс, чего не было на выборах 1990 года. А это сыграло свою роль в снижении качества выборной власти, в снижении контроля за исполнительной властью и в дальнейшем в 2000-х годах привело к успеху идеи властной вертикали и возврату монополии на власть одной партии.
Следует отметить, что сторонники народовластия достигали наибольших успехов там и тогда, когда она мало-мальски сорганизовывалась и объединялись, когда в их решениях сочетались рационализм, нравственность и прозорливость.
Наоборот, демократы терпели поражения, когда принимали решения, в которых умалялся то рационализм, то нравственность, то прозорливость. Когда в их рядах происходил раскол, нарушение единства.
Конечно, не все тайные дела того времени нам открыты. Но подавляющая часть мало известных важных фактов 1990-91 годов приведена в нашей книге, поэтому достаточно объективные выводы читатели нашего сборника сделать смогут, не следуя на поводу у лукавых выдумщиков и велеречивых фальсификаторов истории.
И двадцать лет спустя, когда многое в народной памяти об этих драматических событиях уже стерлось или потускнело, для всякого, кому дорога история нашей страны, нашего города, эта книга – источник знаний и поводов для размышлений.

Summary

The book is devoted to the problems of democracy development in Russia and the analysis of the situation that developed at the peak of the formation of the system of democracy in 1991.
The events that led to a relatively peaceful resolution of the confrontation between the forces of the new and the old are highlighted chronologically. Numerous eyewitness accounts are given, giving a fairly complete picture of the historical mosaic and confirming the conclusions of the analysis. The book is useful for readers interested in the modern history of Russia and the fate of Russian democracy.

Belyakov V.G. August 1991 as the Pinnacle of Democracy. — SPb.: «Polar Star» Publishing House, 2011. — 200 p.

ISBN 5-85574-116-8 

Август 1991-го как вершина демократии

Книга посвящена проблемам развития демократии в России и анализу ситуации, сложившейся на пике становления системы народовластия в 1991 году. Хронологически выделены события, приведшие к относительно мирному разрешению противостояния сил нового и старого. Приведены многочисленные свидетельства очевидцев, дающие достаточно полную картину исторической мозаики и подтверждающие выводы анализа.
Книга интересна и полезна читателям, не безразличным к истории России и российской демократии.

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    Here are presented rare books about the politics and political history of the new Russia - electronic versions (.pdf) in Russian. The authors and publishers of these books have approved free promotion of the books on the Internet. For questions about translating books into other languages and republishing books in other countries, please contact the author of this information project - Pavel Tsyplenkov- or directly to the authors and publishers of the books.

     
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PUBLISHER
Pavel Tsyplenkov
St.Petersburg, Russia
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Posted Oct 05, 2025
Category: История
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Book details
Author(s)V.G.Belyakov
Cover Type (if the book was published)Soft Copy
Number of Pages200
Date Published2011
 
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