Libmonster ID: KG-1320
Author(s) of the publication: Haji Murat Ibrahimbeyli

Moscow, Nauka Publ. 1982. 311 p.

The migration of Russian peasants to the outskirts of the former Russian Empire during the capitalist era was only studied specifically and systematically in the post-war years. Currently, there are studies and publications of documents on the history of the resettlement of peasants to Siberia, the Far East, Central Asia and Kazakhstan. As for migration to the Caucasus, historians have so far focused only on the steppe Ciscaucasia and the North Caucasus, or have focused on some part of Transcaucasia or a limited aspect of the problem

The monograph by D. I. Ismail-zade, a senior researcher at the Institute of History of the USSR of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Historical Sciences, is the first study covering the history of Russian immigrants in Transcaucasia from the 1930s to the beginning of the 20th century, i.e. from the beginning of the migration to Great October. The author comprehensively examines the life of the Russian peasantry, its creative and economic activities in Transcaucasia.

In theoretical terms, the mass migration movement is connected both with the problem of the emergence of capitalist relations in Transcaucasia and with the spread of capitalism in breadth. The political relevance of the topic is also obvious. Modern bourgeois literature. Maksei, N. Ryazanovsky, L. Snyder, B. Dzhe-lavich, D. Irving, D. Fieldhouse, etc.) seeks to distort the history of the peoples of our country, falsifies their relations, the role of the Russian people in their economic, cultural and political development. 2 The monograph contains material that provides a basis for reasoned conclusions and assessments that are opposed to the constructions of modern bourgeois historiography.

D. I. Ismail-zade introduces systematized and analyzed data on both the process of resettlement itself and the policy of tsarism in this matter. The book contains maps compiled by the author from archival sources-diagrams of Russian settlements in the 30s of the XIX century -1916 with an indication of the number of inhabitants by period, as well as about the economic development of Mugan by Russian settlers in the early XX century (p.263). Also interesting are the numerous demographic tables compiled by D. I. Ismail-zade based on the publications of sources, including the materials of a cameral description conducted in the Caucasus in 1873. The tables contain data on the distribution and size of the Russian population in the provinces

1 Aityan A. X. Russian settlers in Eastern Armenia (40s of the XIX century-1921). Author's abstract of the cand. diss. Yerevan. 1975; Orujev G. A. On the history of the formation of Russian settlements in Azerbaijan. Izvestiya AN AzSSR, istoriya, filosofiya i pravo, 1969, N 2.

2 Maskseu K. The Partisans of Europe in World War II. Lnd. 1975, p. 210; Riasanovsky N. A History of Russia. N. Y. 1977, p. 582; Snyder L. Encyclopedia of the Tnird Reich. Lnd. 1976; Jelavic B. St. Petersburg and Moscow. Tsarist and Soviet Foreign Policy. 1814 - 1974. Blooming-Ion Lnd. 1974; Irving D. Hitler's War. N. Y. 1977; Fildhouse D. Colonialism 1870 - 1945. Lnd. 1981, pp. 103 - 106.

page 128

the entire Caucasian territory (as of 1873), the Russian population of Transcaucasia proper (according to the family lists of 1886). The appendices contain a list of Russian settlements in Transcaucasia in the 30s of the XIX-early XX centuries (pp. 289 - 304). This material is useful for solving issues that are much broader than those that are specifically considered in the monograph, and for the entire Caucasus region.

Lenin's concept of the spread of capitalism in the post-reform period, as is known, is the result of a study of the process of development of the outskirts of Russia, including the Caucasus. V. I. Lenin pointed out the need for a special study of the history of colonization of the outskirts from the point of view of the spread of capitalism in breadth. Referring directly to the Caucasus, Lenin pointed out: "This concept of a colony is even more applicable to other border regions, for example, to the Caucasus. The economic "conquest" of it by Russia took place much later than the political one." As one of the features of the development of the Caucasus, he noted the influx of colonists there: "In the post-reform era, there was a great deal of migration... strong colonization of the Caucasus, extensive plowing of land by colonists (especially in the North Caucasus) " 3 . Based on Lenin's concept of two sides of the process of forming a market for capitalism (its development "in depth" and "in breadth") The author sets out the tasks of studying the role of the working peasantry in the economic development of the Transcaucasian territories, the connection of resettlement with the agrarian system of Russia as a whole, determining the nature of agrarian-capitalist evolution in the developed territories, and studying the migration policy of the tsarist government in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia.

Analyzing the migration policy of the autocracy, D. I. Ismail-zade reveals the peculiarities of its Caucasian direction. At the same time, it is very important to trace the connection of the migration movement in Transcaucasia with similar processes throughout Russia, and certain stages of resettlement are also outlined. For the first time in the literature, the author reveals the dynamics of the number of Russian peasants in Transcaucasia, as well as the role of immigrants in the formation of a multinational population of the region, examines the complex interweaving of agrarian and interethnic relations, the agrarian policy of tsarism in Transcaucasia, and the situation of the local peasantry. Having thoroughly studied the land situation of the indigenous and Russian peasantry, D. I. Ismail-zade reveals the colonizing methods of the tsarist administration, which regulated the placement of the Russian peasantry in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia. The author proves that such methods had an equally negative impact on the land situation of both the indigenous and Russian peasantry, and that "the working peasantry - both Russian and local - continued to be the object of oppression by the landowner-serf state, despite the anti-people colonization policy, entering into mutual economic contacts, uniting in a united front of social solidarity." struggle (pp. 207-208).

Comprehensive coverage of the problem is an indisputable advantage of a peer-reviewed monograph. However, the desire not to miss any significant facts and events sometimes turns out to be too descriptive, especially in chapters III and V, which are overwhelming with the abundance of information contained in them and especially digital material. It seems exaggerated to say that during the Russo-Turkish war of 1828-1829, most of the Muslim population left for Turkey and Iran (p.33). The data available in the literature on this issue and used in the book obviously do not take into account the fact that the orientation towards Russia increased in the first third of the 19th century, not only among the population who professed Christianity, but also among the Muslims of Transcaucasia. This refers specifically to the period of the Russo-Iranian War of 1826-1828 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829.

The military-political aspects of the problem were excluded from the scope of the study. Apparently, it was necessary to consider the issues of attracting the Russian population of Transcaucasia to military service, the participation of its representatives in the wars of Russia during the period under review, and to conduct a differentiated analysis of the tsarist government's approach to the Russian population of Transcaucasia in solving military and military - administrative issues at various stages of resettlement.

The work of D. I. Ismail-zade, written with deep knowledge of the matter, is a serious one.-

3 Lenin V. I. PSS. Vol. 3, p. IZ-596.

page 129

This study gives an impetus to further study of complex issues of the history of national and agrarian relations in pre-revolutionary Russia. And this is an important part of the study of the process of maturing the prerequisites for the victory of the Great October, the history of the brotherhood of working people of the Russian and other peoples of our country.

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Haji Murat Ibrahimbeyli, D. I. ISMAIL-ZADE. RUSSIAN PEASANTRY IN TRANSCAUCASIA. 30S OF THE XIX-BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY // Yerevan: Library of Armenia (LIB.AM). Updated: 29.01.2025. URL: https://lib.am/m/articles/view/D-I-ISMAIL-ZADE-RUSSIAN-PEASANTRY-IN-TRANSCAUCASIA-30S-OF-THE-XIX-BEGINNING-OF-THE-XX-CENTURY (date of access: 10.02.2025).

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